Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is considered the primary conversion process in an integrated refinery. It is also considered by most to be the key to profitability in that the successful operation of the unit determines whether or not a refiner can stay in business.

Because FCC is one of the most efficient conversion processes, every effort must be made to ensure that this operation is optimised. Cast vibrated or gunned refractory reinforced with stainless steel fibres is the recommended refractory specification by most engineering firms as it is the safest and most durable way to treat refractory, from the catalyst carrier lines and combustion air preheater, to the reactor, regenerator and stripper shells.